Motion planing, equivalence, infinite dimensional systems

Motion planning, i.e., steering a system from one state to another, is a basic question in automatic control. For a certain class of systems described by ordinary differential equations and called flat systems [7, 8], motion planning admits simple and explicit solutions. This stems from an explicit description of the trajectories by an arbitrary time function y, the flat output, and a finite number of its time derivatives. Such explicit descriptions are related to old problems on Monge equations and equivalence investigated by Hilbert and Cartan. The study of several examples (the car with n-trailers and the non-holonomic snake, pendulums in series and the heavy chain, the heat equation and the Euler-Bernoulli flexible beam) indicates that the notion of flatness and its underlying explicit description can be extended to infinite-dimensional systems. As in the finite dimensional case, this property yields simple motion planning algorithms via operators of compact support. For the nonholonomic snake, such operators involve nonlinear delays. For the heavy chain, they are defined via distributed delays. For heat and Euler-Bernoulli systems, their supports are punctual and their definition domain coincides with the set of Gevrey functions of order 2.